So you want to add a handicap ramp to your home or business, but you want to make sure it meets code. Where do you start? In this guide we’ll boil it all down to practical guidelines so you can design with confidence
ADA Guidelines
When most people think “ramp code,” they think ADA. The Americans with Disabilities Act applies to commercial and public spaces, not private homes — but most local building codes either follow ADA closely or are very similar.
Since every city and county can have its own twists, in this guide, we’ll use ADA guidelines as a solid starting point.
What is the slope ratio for wheelchair ramps?
The slope should be no steeper than 1:12 — meaning for every inch of rise, you need at least 12 inches of ramp. If your porch is 24 inches above the ground, you’ll need 24 feet of ramp.
One more rule here: a single ramp run can’t rise more than 30 inches vertically before you need a resting platform. Even if your slope is correct, you still have to break up long climbs with a level platform.
When do I need ramp platforms?
Platforms (also called landings) are required:
At the top and bottom of every ramp run
Where the ramp changes direction
After any run with more than 30 inches of rise
When ramping directly to a door
How big do wheelchair ramp platforms need to be?
At turns: Must be at least 60″ × 60″ of clear space so a wheelchair can turn without backing up.
At doors: Must be at least as wide as the ramp (minimum 36″) and at least 60″ long in the direction of travel. If the door swings toward you, you’ll also need extra space beside the latch (often 18″) so you can pull the door open without blocking yourself.
Levelness: Platforms must be nearly level, with no slope greater than 1:48 in any direction.
If your space is tight — like a narrow porch — go as big as you can. More surface area always makes maneuvering easier.
What is code for handrails on a handicap ramp?
Handrails are required on both sides if:
The rise is over 6 inches or
The horizontal run is longer than 72 inches
Handrail basics:
Height: Between 34″ and 38″ above the ramp surface
Grip size:
Circular rails: 1.25″–2″ in diameter
Non-circular rails: 4″–6.25″ perimeter, max cross-section of 2.25″
Continuous: No breaks or gaps along the run
Extensions: Extend at least 12″ beyond the top and bottom, and return to a wall or surface to prevent snags
Clearance: At least 36″ between handrails and 1.5″ clearance from walls or other surfaces
Don’t forget edge protection
If your ramp or platform edges are open and elevated, you’ll need a curb, wall, or barrier at least 2″ high to keep wheels from slipping off.
Surface and width requirements
Width: Minimum of 36″ clear between handrails
Surface: Firm, stable, slip-resistant — avoid loose gravel or slick finishes
Cross slope: No more than 1:48 (about 1 inch of drop for every 48 inches of width) to prevent drift
Surface and width requirements
Width: Minimum of 36″ clear between handrails
Surface: Firm, stable, slip-resistant — avoid loose gravel or slick finishes
Cross slope: No more than 1:48 (about 1 inch of drop for every 48 inches of width) to prevent drift
In the end: Check your local code
ADA is the go-to guide, but your local building department might require gentler slopes, different handrail heights, or extra snow/ice considerations. Always confirm before you build.
Still need help? We provide code-compliant ramps every day – it’s what we do. Give us a call at 810-213-6377 or complete the form below to get your free evaluation.